狗狗結紮對健康影響的研究整理 - 狗
By Zenobia
at 2023-03-16T12:54
at 2023-03-16T12:54
Table of Contents
去年我家的狗狗到了要考慮結紮的年紀,
因此就開始認真做功課。
看了許多國內外獸醫師的說明。
但不管是哪個立場的獸醫師,
論述的依據都是「研究文獻指出」,
因此決定自己來整理這個所謂的研究文獻,
這裡把整理結果跟大家分享,
供有需要的人參考,
若有缺漏或錯誤的資訊歡迎大家幫指出或補充。
以下九篇文獻為近20年來針對結紮與狗狗健康之間關係的SCI研究發表。
期刊領域ranking如果是Q4的我就跳過了。
以下附上研究題目、原文連結、研究機構、
研究年分、ranking等級、與很簡單的內容摘錄。
我自己highlights如下:
- 結紮與否對將來健康的影響會因為狗狗的性別有差異。
- 結紮與否對將來健康的影響會因為狗狗的品種有差異。
- 結紮與否對將來健康的影響會因為結紮的時間點有差異。
- 結紮與否對將來健康的影響會因為狗狗的體型有差異。
- 最合適的結紮年紀會因狗的性別、品種、體型而異。
- 早年的相關統計研究多無區分狗狗的品種、結紮年紀、體型、性別等變因。
近年來的研究方法開始有典範轉移,強調這些變因需要分開進行統計分析。
B.L. Hart, L.A. Hart, A.P. Thigpen, N.H. Willits, Assisting Decision-Making
on Age of Neutering for Mixed Breed Dogs of Five Weight Categories:
Associated Joint Disorders and Cancers, Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 7
(2020).
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2020.00472
機構: School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis
期刊等級: Q1
研究年份: 2020
- 針對米克斯進行的統計分析,結紮帶來的健康影響。
- 結紮與否對於癌症的發生率沒有顯著不同。 然而,對體重 20 公斤以上的米克斯犬,
一歲以內絕育將大幅提高關節疾病的風險(3倍發生率)。對於體重小於20公斤的米克斯,
結紮對於關節疾病的風險沒有增加。
B.L. Hart, L.A. Hart, A.P. Thigpen, N.H. Willits, Assisting Decision-Making
on Age of Neutering for 35 Breeds of Dogs: Associated Joint Disorders,
Cancers, and Urinary Incontinence, Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 7 (2020).
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2020.00388
機構: School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis
期刊等級: Q1
研究年份: 2020
- 統計分析35種的品種犬,結紮帶來的骨骼關節病變與特定癌症的影響,對每個犬種提出建議
適合結紮的年紀。
- 小型犬的關節病變與否,與是否結紮無明顯關聯。
- 大多數的小型犬種結紮與否,並無較高的罹癌率。
- 小型犬中的波士頓梗公犬與西施母犬,結紮後有較高的癌症率。建議波士頓梗公犬11
個月後結紮、西施母犬在兩歲以後結紮。
- 結紮的黃金獵犬,關節病變與癌症率皆提高,作者建議黃金公犬一歲後再結紮;黃金母
犬建議不結紮。
N.M. Rzechorzek, O.M. Saunders, L.V. Hiscox, T. Schwarz, K. Marioni-Henry,
D.J. Argyle, J.J. Schoenebeck, T.C. Freeman, Network analysis of canine brain
morphometry links tumour risk to oestrogen deficiency and accelerated brain
ageing, Sci Rep. 9 (2019) 12506.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48446-0
機構: School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of
Edinburgh
期刊等級: Q2
研究年份: 2019
從拳師犬的大腦核磁共振成像掃描中分析,提出絕育的雌性犬,相對於未絕育的雌性,患
腦腫瘤的風險高出 11 倍。研究表明,晚期腦衰會增加狗的腦腫瘤風險,並且可能受到雌
激素缺乏的影響——雌激素缺乏是人類癡呆和腦腫瘤的危險因素。
J.M. Hoffman, K.E. Creevy, D.E.L. Promislow, Reproductive Capability Is
Associated with Lifespan and Cause of Death in Companion Dogs, PLOS ONE. 8
(2013) e61082.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061082
機構: College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia
期刊等級: Q2
研究年份: 2013
利用獸醫醫學數據庫比較了 40,000 多隻絕育和完好的家犬的死因。 發現絕育的狗狗有
較長的平均壽命,公狗多13.8%;母狗多26.3%。絕育可以降低了某些原因(例如傳染病)
的死亡風險,但也增加了其他原因(例如癌症)的死亡風險。
G.T. de la Riva, B.L. Hart, T.B. Farver, A.M. Oberbauer, L.L.M. Messam, N.
Willits, L.A. Hart, Neutering Dogs: Effects on Joint Disorders and Cancers in
Golden Retrievers, PLOS ONE. 8 (2013) e55937.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055937
機構: School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis
期刊等級: Q2
研究年份: 2013
- 對 759 隻完整和絕育的8 歲以內雌性和雄性黃金獵犬的獸醫醫院記錄進行了分析。
- 在1歲以前絕育的公狗中髖關節發育不良,發生率是未絕育公狗的兩倍。
- 在未絕育的狗狗中沒有診斷出顱交叉韌帶撕裂病例,但在1歲以前絕育的公狗和母狗中
,發生率分別為 5% 和 8%。
- 1歲以前絕育公狗被診斷出患有淋巴肉瘤,罹患率是未絕育公狗的 3 倍。
- 1歲以後絕育母狗中血管肉瘤病例的百分比是未絕育和1歲以前絕育母狗的 4 倍。
- 未絕育母狗中沒有肥大細胞瘤病例,但1歲以後絕育母狗的發生率接近 6%。
W. Beauvais, J.M. Cardwell, D.C. Brodbelt, The effect of neutering on the
risk of mammary tumours in dogs – a systematic review, Journal of Small
Animal Practice. 53 (2012) 314–322.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2011.01220.x
機構: Royal Veterinary College
期刊等級: Q2
研究年份: 2012
討論母犬絕育降低患乳腺腫瘤的風險的科學證據。討論了英文期刊中的 13 篇相關文獻。
9篇被作者認為具有研究方法上高度偏頗的問題。作者認為以前對於絕育可降低乳腺腫瘤
風險的宣稱,科學證據仍是薄弱的。
C.R. White, A.E. Hohenhaus, J. Kelsey, E. Procter-Gray, Cutaneous MCTs:
Associations with Spay/Neuter Status, Breed, Body Size, and Phylogenetic
Cluster, Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association. 47 (2011) 210–
216.
https://doi.org/10.5326/JAAHA-MS-5621
機構: Department of Internal Medicine, Animal Medical Center, New York, NY;
and Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School
期刊等級: Q3
研究年份: 2011
本研究分析了對 252 隻患有 2 級或 3 級皮膚肥大細胞瘤的狗的病例對照研究的結果。
在絕育的雌性、拳師犬、拉布拉多獵犬、哈巴狗、黃金獵犬、獒犬和梗犬中,以及分類為
大型或巨型的品種中,發現罹患肥大細胞腫瘤的風險增加。
J.A. Villamil, C.J. Henry, A.W. Hahn, J.N. Bryan, J.W. Tyler, C.W. Caldwell,
Hormonal and Sex Impact on the Epidemiology of Canine Lymphoma, Journal of
Cancer Epidemiology. 2009 (2010) e591753.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/591753
機構: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri
期刊等級: Q3
研究年份: 2009
從 1964 年到 2002 年分析了獸醫醫學數據庫中狗的記錄。計算風險比以評估性別、絕育
狀態和淋巴瘤發生之間的關聯。 結論是, 未絕育的母犬有比較低的淋巴瘤的風險。 作
者猜測雌激素可能在淋巴瘤病因中起保護作用。
T.H. Witsberger, J.A. Villamil, L.G. Schultz, A.W. Hahn, J.L. Cook,
Prevalence of and risk factors for hip dysplasia and cranial cruciate
ligament deficiency in dogs, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical
Association. 232 (2008) 1818–1824.
https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.232.12.1818
機構: College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri
期刊等級: Q2
研究年份: 2008
在沒有區分品種或絕育年齡的研究中,研究發現絕育後的公狗更容易發生髖關節發育不良
(hip dysplasia),絕育後的公狗和母狗更容易發生顱交叉韌帶撕裂或破裂(cranial
cruciate ligament tears or ruptures)。
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