細菌系統 - 魚
By Cara
at 2013-10-03T04:20
at 2013-10-03T04:20
Table of Contents
硝化系統只是一個代稱
完整的系統必須有分解者 從有機污物代謝成 無機鹽
甚至消耗這些無機鹽
私將以上統稱為細菌系統
a. 硝化系統
人工的魚缸內無法像大海廣袤 帶走所有汙染物
瞬間處理掉大部分的廢物
必須仰賴刻意營造的細菌環境來處理大部分的汙物
簡單來說 污物 > 有機物 > "銨/氨" 硝酸鹽 磷酸鹽 ....
其中 海水中氨為劇毒 淡水亞硝酸為劇毒
藉由 微生物 處理劇毒的氨/銨、亞硝酸轉化成緩毒性的硝酸鹽
稱作硝化系統
那過多的硝酸鹽該如何排出?
淡水可以靠水草 可以靠大量換水
海水呢?
b. 極低營養鹽(ULNS, ultra low neutrient system)
上述系統有最終難以處理的產物 -- 硝酸鹽與磷酸鹽
現實海洋中 有富饒的浮游藻類 可以迅速吸收營養鹽
再藉由浮游生物攝食帶進食物鏈 讓珊瑚礁欣欣向榮
可惜的是 人工環境無法簡單複製這樣的系統
有人會提到 何不考慮反硝化作用 ?
但是厭氧(N03- <=> N2) 與敗床 (S04(2-) <=> S(2-))只是一線間
要控制氧化還原電位 並不是簡單的事
有人發明了碳源法
提供異營細菌容易利用的短碳鏈 快速繁殖細菌
同時消耗大量的硝酸(合成胺基酸) 磷酸鹽(合成核醣)
"快速"地降低營養鹽數值
達到理想的珊瑚礁水質 (硝酸鹽<1, 磷酸鹽<0.1)
以一張圖做為我所認知的魚缸系統總結 :
分解 亞硝化菌 硝化菌 脫氮
污物 ──> 銨/氨 ────> 亞硝酸鹽 ───> 硝酸鹽 ──>氮
│ │ │ │
└────┴───┬────┴───────┘
│
│+異營菌+碳源 (+KH +氧 +....)
│
└> 更多異營菌 更低營養鹽
當然 說的簡單 實際操作並不是這麼簡單的
--
╔╦══╦═╤══╦══╦═││═││╦═══╦══╦═╦═╤═╤═╗
║╙ ○ ╜ ─┐ │ ╙─││ ││║ ─┐ ║ │ ╙─itsforte╢
╠─ ─┐ ┼┼ ┌──┬ ││ ││╙ ┼┼ ╙┌┬┬┐ ║
║ ││ ││ ││┬┐ │└─│└ ││ ││││ ║
║╓ ││ ╓││ └┴││ └──┼─ ╥││ ╓││┴┘╓─一詞扶梯╢
╚╩ └─ ╩└─ ═└─┴┘═╧═ │ ═╩└─ ╩└┴──╩══╧═╧╝
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