藍綠藻的毒 不可小覷 - 水族
By Regina
at 2011-01-19T14:12
at 2011-01-19T14:12
Table of Contents
據說,開頭要有個圖閱讀率才會高
藍綠藻事件死亡的魚隻之一(死魚,不喜者誤入。)
http://img809.imageshack.us/i/507w.jpg/
藍綠藻是個較大的通稱,包含多款藍綠菌
但在水族上就是泛指那種附在底砂上,藍藍綠綠而且黏稠稠的一層,
並且會有噁心臭味的傢伙。
之前曾經在版上發過文章,內容是有關使用紅黴素清除藍綠藻,
還有一篇是說藍綠藻是很謎樣的東西,來的快去的也快,而且原因莫名。
網路上曾經留流傳一個表,針對幾款藻類以及發生原因、解決方式作歸類,
在藍綠藻上面寫的發生原因是「NO3過低」,
http://0rz.tw/HcJNT
http://aqua.andy.tw/viewtopic.php?t=111720
不過我想這個是很能被挑戰的,
因為以我的缸子而言,不低的養殖密度、使用一年半的黑土、
無法吸整個底砂(基肥袋埋太淺)、而且偶爾還會添加KNO3,
這樣的缸子怎麼樣都無法跟NO3過低有鍊結。
我自己缸子發生藍綠藻的例子普遍出現在
1.使用黑土到一年半或更久的草缸
2.餵食無節且有卵或殼未被吃完的裸缸
(我能作的只能從現象去歸納可能的原因,
從假設去演繹...我沒有這種能力,)
當缸子藍綠藻多到一定程度,
意味缸子「惡化」(原因未知,如依照NO3過低,那可能也不是惡化)到一個地步,
這個時候即便投入紅黴素清理,也只有短暫效果,
因為一兩週內藍綠藻又會捲土重來。
至於一般所謂的生物療法,大和、蜜蜂角螺效果乏善可陳,尤其是大和米蝦(見後述),
paludarium所說的笠螺,因為我缸子pH僅5.5,所以我沒有嘗試。
其他許多添加物 ex.赫根厭氧、bio digest沒有效果,
不過反而有些底床還原、光合作用菌打著可以解決藍綠藻的例子,
不過我沒有使用的經驗。
最後,像是清理圓桶、更換濾材這些根本的手段,在黑土沒有更換下,
我也沒有看出其成效。
不過這篇並不是在談藍綠藻的成因或是解決方法,
而是在說常常被水族玩家忽略的藍綠藻的毒。
藍綠藻是有毒的,
http://tw.knowledge.yahoo.com/question/question?qid=1305092416375
其中培育出來的物質甚至可以當成抗菌劑使用。
引述中山環公所碩士論文(蔡福水,2007:43-46)
http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/getfile?URN=etd-0813107-093229&
filename=etd-0813107-093229.pdf
表示藍綠藻中主要的微囊藻毒素對哺乳類、魚類等脊椎動物而言是一種很強烈的肝毒。
該篇對於藍綠藻生長的原因則歸類為水體上下混合不佳、流速過低、營養鹽過多。
接下來,
回到發生在我自己身上的例子。
我缸子中自兩個月前起開始出現達到惱人程度的藍綠藻,
情況雖然不嚴重(沒有到paludarium圖片上那種厚厚一層藍綠色佈滿葉面),
只在某部分的底砂,且水中並沒有濃烈的臭味。
但在使用一年半沒有徹底清理底砂的舊黑土(這是我認為的主因)下,
情況逐漸惡化。
當藍綠藻程度讓我有翻缸念頭是在上上個禮拜,屆時水已有明顯味道、
藍綠藻已經薄薄地讓黑土有黏在一起的感覺,部分草上面已有藍綠藻,
不過仍然還遠遜於paludarium那張介紹藍綠藻的圖。
然後在上個禮拜天準備要翻缸,但是因家中有事,所以從週五家中就沒有人,
等到禮拜天下午買好黑土回家後......
地上跳了兩隻身強力壯SIZE在四公分左右的紅蓮燈(另一隻就是文章一開始)
http://img213.imageshack.us/i/506f.jpg/
其餘的魚隻有的則呈現虛弱地漂浮狀態,有的則沈底。
可以想見那兩隻跳出來的紅蓮燈實是受不了這種水質所致。
由於回家時燈是亮著,而且魚隻並非呈現浮頭的狀況,
跟缺氧的情況並不相同,而一兩天之後的持續死亡更可以排除是缺氧造成。
當發現了這種情況,我立刻拔草後撈魚,
撈到桶子中的魚百分之百的換水(一樣有加溫、除氯、打氣、三胞胎相同水質)。
撈的過程中發現總計十隻死亡的大和米蝦,存活者僅三,
死亡兩隻珍珠燈、一隻黃水晶燈。
讓我覺得是「毒」的影響在於即便在桶子裡面每天再換水一半,
一樣持續有魚隻死亡,死亡的魚隻外表都無異狀,隻隻肥美。
到了第三天,在桶子中死亡的包含:
珍珠燈*6、紅衣夢幻旗*1、紅蓮燈*2。
(很抱歉,這幾天的心情讓我完全不想拍下她們的死況,
有些珍珠燈都是足以登上圖鑑的啊....)
另外有一隻火焰亞瑟燈從蓋上板子的桶子邊緣意外跳出死亡。
如今終於翻缸完成,也希望不再有噩耗。
這個事件總共讓我掛了15隻魚,超過整缸的1/4。
大部分的扯旗則都熬過這事件。
--------
這篇的目的主要是告知藍綠藻的毒性是不可輕忽的,
缸子該翻就翻、底砂該吸就吸、該處理掉的藻類就儘早處理掉。
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