不要一直叫我吳郭魚啦---慈鯛科魚類 - 魚
By Doris
at 2009-06-12T16:17
at 2009-06-12T16:17
Table of Contents
回憶起自己養魚的成長過程裡
只要是魚缸裡面養的魚是"慈鯛"的話
身邊的哥哥姐姐叔叔阿姨....一看到就會指著魚缸對我說"你怎麼在養吳郭魚"...冏
這個嘛...不是所有外型長的類似吳郭魚就是真的吳郭魚
所以今天就來簡單介紹一下常常被誤認為是吳郭魚的魚類家族"慈鯛科"魚類吧
[慈鯛的定義]
慈鯛科魚類在生物學界.門.綱.目.科.屬.種階層分類之下屬於"科"這個階層
慈鯛科這一個分類下有許多不同屬~不同種的魚類~儘管外觀不盡相同,但是在個分類
下的魚都是慈鯛家族中的一員,牠們都可以被稱為慈鯛!也就是鯛魚啦!
慈鯛科魚類在生物學上有很明確的定義,以外觀特徵來做分別是最常見的!
通常慈鯛科魚類在魚身上有以下幾個特徵:
(1)身體形狀大多為橢圓形
(2)體長小從5cm開始;大可至80cm以上
(3)身體上的側線呈兩段式分部(一條接近背鰭下方;一條在身體中間段部分)
(4)背鰭組成由軟條和硬棘(刺)組成(背鰭上的硬棘8枚以上)
(5)臀鰭組成由軟條和硬棘(刺)組成(臀鰭上的硬棘3枚以上)
(6)身體具有鱗片
另外,慈鯛科魚類是一種社會化演化很高的魚類,因此牠們會配對形成家庭
並且會照顧幼魚,具有強烈的領域性,所以我們中文會稱為"慈鯛"
西文則是Cichlid或Cichlidae
[慈鯛的分部]
慈鯛在地球上的分部大致上可以由以下圖片可以看到
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=jasonken310&b=56&f=1643648899&p=25
ps.圖片翻拍自觀賞魚世紀經典I Mergus原著
主要分布在非洲大陸/中南美洲/印度南端/馬達加斯加以及亞洲少數地區
可以看到除了非洲大陸整個都是慈鯛的天下之外,大多數的慈鯛是分布在
靠近赤道---南北迴歸線這一帶(所以台灣早期養慈鯛很盛行,因為氣候水質很適合)
目前發現的慈鯛科魚類裡面已經超過900種以上,光是非洲河川和三大湖區就占
了約700種左右;在中南美洲約占了200種左右;亞洲就比較少了~
只有一個屬Etroplus下面的3個品種
[慈鯛的繁殖方式]
通常慈鯛會配對形成家庭來進行傳宗接代的工作,慈鯛幾乎都是以卵生的方式繁衍下一代
以下簡單可以分成三種繁殖方式:
(1)開放式產卵
顧名思義就是把卵產在水中平坦的地上或是石頭上,通常這類的慈鯛生的卵
數量比較多,動不動就上百顆以上,多的還可以破千
Ex:
中南美洲中大型慈鯛:黑(金)波羅/紅尾皇冠/獅王/關刀/神仙魚......etc
中南美洲小型慈鯛(短鯛):荷蘭鳳凰
非洲中大型慈鯛:非洲十間
非洲小型慈鯛:紅鑽石
(2)洞穴式產卵
這種產卵方式的慈鯛會把卵產在洞穴或是水中適合繁殖的洞穴中
種方式產下卵的數量較少
Ex:
中南美洲小型慈鯛(短鯛):短鯛幾乎都是採用這個方式繁殖
非洲小型慈鯛:女王燕尾
(3)口孵式產卵
這種產卵方式數量最少,但是相對的小魚存活率最高
大部分是由魚媽媽負責把卵含在嘴裡
魚爸爸負責維護地盤的安全
Ex:
非洲中大型慈鯛:以湖產慈鯛最常見
例如:非洲王子/斑馬雀/孔雀鯛類...等等
ps.吳郭魚老大也是屬於這種方式照顧後代
所以啦~慈鯛科種類繁多~以後看到不認識的慈鯛科魚類~可以叫牠"鯛魚"
但是別再說~挖...你養的吳郭魚好特別喔XD....
跟大家簡單分享一下
--
Tags:
魚
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