水草造景世界「水草缸中的瀑布」 - 水族

http://www.aquascapingworld.com/magazine/Magazine/From-the-Editor.html

Creating Waterfalls in a Planted Aquarium
By Andrew Nunn

I was curious as to how the tank above, which took World Ranking 7 in the
Aqua Design Amano 2007 Aquascaping Contest created the waterfall illusion.
I had seen similar effects created by rising bubbles, but this seems to end
before reaching the surface, meaning it is created using a different method,
or there was a good deal of photo editing involved. However, a poster on
my blog tipped me off to a website (www.xylema.net) that explains exactly
how it was created, and it is quite creative.
我(以下翻譯我代表原作者)從以前就非常好奇ADA大賽中的瀑布景象是怎麼造成的，
http://photo.xuite.net/yeah.wu/2334549/8.jpg
之前我曾經使用過泡泡來達成同樣的效果，可是瀑布總是在到達表面之前停止。當時
我就再想不是另有別的技巧就是他拍照修片的技術很好，然而一位訪客卻在我的blog
裡面留下了www.xylema.net的網站，裡面解釋了瀑布是如何做成的。

Let's investigate how the effect is created. To start off, from
the initial impression, the illusion appears to be created using
rising bubbles that where either edited out with photo software, or
vacuumed away into a hidden cavern. I come to find out neither
were the case. Bubbles play a large role in the mechanics of the
illusion, but they are not what the viewer is seeing. Instead, the
viewer is observing a steady stream of falling sand. That's right, sand.
當我們觀察這個現象的時候，起初我們會認為應該是由升起的泡泡造成的，或者是
運用修圖軟體，又或者是偷挖了一個洞在下面放置一座火山。但事實是以上這些方法都
不是創造瀑布的方法。泡泡在這個機制中扮演了很重要的角色，但不是我們所看到的那
樣。真正我們看到的瀑布是掉落的沙子所造成的穩定物流。沒錯，就是沙子。

Through a cross section of the "waterfall” we can identify
how the sand is used for the effect. A tube and airstone blows
bubbles up through a hidden space behind a wall. This
creates a vacuum of bubbles that drives a water current towards to
the surface.
http://photo.xuite.net/yeah.wu/2334549/5.jpg
如圖，我們將一個瀑布分作一個切面來看，這樣可以清楚分辨出沙子在這個效果中
的功用。一條管子跟一個吹泡泡用的氣泡石藏在牆壁後面的空間裡，製造出一個氣泡火
山，將會驅動水流流向表面。

As the water rises, tiny grains of sand from a reservoir
are pulled into the vortex current. The sand grains move with the
water current and drift out through an opening near the top
of the wall, and fall back down the front side of the wall. A
strategically placed incline ramp at the base catches the falling
sand grains and returns them back into behind the scenes
reservoir. The cycle is repeated and the viewer sees an endless
cascading waterfall inside the aquarium.
當水流上升時，細砂就會從儲存器中被推向頂端。當他隨著水流向上移動的時候，又
被從牆壁側面的開口丟下，然後在牆壁前落下。此時，垂直設置在牆壁底部的斜坡，又
再次將細砂回收到佈景後面的儲藏器中。如此不斷的反覆循環，就形成我們在水族箱中
所看到的源源不決的瀑布水流。http://photo.xuite.net/yeah.wu/2334549/6.jpg

This effect is not the most practical for everyday use. A very
fine sand must be used in order for it to be lift with the current.
The falling sand is affected greatly by other currents inside
the tank, and it will inevitably fall outside of the reservoir. With a
filter running, it would probably blow the falling sand everywhere
else in your aquarium. I'm sure much tweaking is necessary to
find the best type of sand suited for this application, and what size
space behind the wall works best.
這個效果不是日常管理中最實用的。為了要讓沙子被水流抬上升，一定要使用很細
的沙子。掉落的沙子又會被缸中的水流大大的影響，而且無可避免地沙子一定會落到儲
藏器之外。如果有過濾在跑，細砂一定會被吹的到處都是。我很確定為了找出哪種沙子
最適合拿來運用，背後的空間要留多大一定會非常令人苦惱。

How the sand is ejected from the top of the bubble column is
also probably a problem area that requires a lot of attention and
adjustment. It's hard to tell from the diagram, but the bubble
column space most likely extends above the water line. This forces
the water pulled up by the bubbles out the sand-ejection
opening. Otherwise, the sand would continue to follow the
current of bubbles and water up and out the top of the column
(and you'd have a messy volcano effect instead of a waterfall!). The
final effect, if done correctly, looks absolutely stunning in
aquascaped planted aquarium.
如何讓沙子適當地從頂端噴射出來也是一個問題，必須要經過很多的調整跟關注。
這很難利用圖表來解釋，但是泡泡管柱的開口最好在接近水面的位置。這會使得被水流
帶動的沙子從開口噴出。否則這些沙子會繼續隨著氣泡的力量跑到頂端，到時候你就不
是有一個瀑布，而是一團混亂的火山景象。但是如果操作正確，最後的效果一定是會令
人嘆為觀止的。http://photo.xuite.net/yeah.wu/2334549/7.jpg


================================翻譯完畢===================================

最後還是要抱怨一下為什麼總是有人在你填掛號單之後
不給建議還只會說一些風涼話 好像不酸別人他會覺得混身不對勁
另外在老爹什麼的論壇好像也有別種方法可以作瀑布
如果有機會的再去收集來看看! 最後是這本雜誌是免費下載的
所以我想即使翻譯應該也沒有版權上的問題

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