關於尿道感染 - 天竺鼠

對於vicky上次的情況 我決定要來翻譯一下這篇文章

以下原文來自於
http://www.guinealynx.info/uti.html

Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)
尿道感染

Urinary tract infections are common in guinea pigs. Their short legs put them
low to the ground where they are more likely to pick up bacteria from wet
bedding and droppings.
天竺鼠的尿道感染是一種常見的疾病，由於他們的腿比較短，導致常會沾到潮濕的墊料或
排泄物中所孳生的細菌。

The most noticeable signs of a UTI are:
Blood in urine
Squeaking while peeing
最顯而易見的症狀如下:
血尿
尿尿時發出叫聲

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES
(other possible conditions)
Pyometra
Bladder stones
Interstitial Cystitis
Arthritis, spinal injury (pain peeing or passing droppings)

類似疾病鑑別:
子宮蓄膿
膀胱結石
間質性膀胱炎
關節炎、脊椎受傷 (排尿或排便時疼痛)


WHAT YOUR VET WILL DO
Your vet will examine your guinea pig and palpate the lower abdomen.
An x-ray (two views) may be taken to rule out bladder stones.
Your vet will collect urine or drawn it directly from the bladder using
a needle. If there is no visible blood, the urine can be tested for the
presence of blood.A urine culture can help determine which antibiotics
are most effective.

你的獸醫會怎麼做?
觸診: 天竺鼠下腹部
X-光: 照兩張(側面和腹面)，確定有沒有膀胱結石
尿檢: 收集尿液或直接從膀胱抽尿，如果尿中沒有肉眼看得到的血液，會進一步進行機器
的篩檢，確定是否有血液存在。尿液的收集能幫助獸醫決定哪一種抗生素最有效。


TREATMENT
UTIs are generally treated with a safe and effective antibiotic like bactrim
(trimethoprim sulfa) for two or more weeks. Many guinea pigs require longer
treatment to clear up the infection and allow the bladder walls time to heal.
Call your vet immediately if bleeding recurs after antibiotics are stopped.
If your vet did not take an x-ray and the original signs you observed are
still present while on antibiotics, be sure to have an x-ray taken
immediately.
治療： 使用安全有效的抗生素，例如:bactrim (trimethoprim sulfa)，抗生素需連續使
用2周以上。很多天竺鼠需要長期的治療來斷絕感染，使膀胱壁能有足夠時間復原。當抗生
素的治療結束之後若發現尿液中仍有血液要趕快聯絡你的獸醫。若一開始沒有拍X光且症狀
在抗生素治療後一直沒有改善，一定要到醫院拍X光片。

PREVENTION
預防:

Your goal is to keep your guinea pig as dry as possible to prevent infection.
Keeping the butt hairs of a long haired cavy trimmed may help.
Change bedding more frequently, especially areas that are wet (spot
clean).
Look into polyester fabrics which reportedly allow the urine to drain
through but stay dry.

盡量保持天竺鼠住處及身體的乾燥，屁股上的毛或長毛修剪掉會比較好，增加換墊料的次
數，特別是已潮濕的墊料。

Polyester fabrics
( http://www.buckinghamfabrics.co.uk/images/micro_suede_large.jpg )
聚酯纖維織物(polyester fabrics)曾被報導其具有快速吸收尿液且能維持乾燥的效果。

Some people use a safe plastic grid flooring like Envirotiles (different
from wire flooring) to keep the guinea pig from direct contact with urine.
有些人會使用塑膠底網當地板，類似Envirotiles的產品，讓天竺鼠不會直接接觸尿液。
( http://www.gsp.ca/envirotile.html )

CRANBERRY JUICE
蔓越莓汁

If your guinea pig has recurrent UTIs, try offering plain unsweetened diluted
cranberry juice. Antibiotics are required to cure a UTI but cranberry juice
may interfere with its development, cutting the incidence of UTIs in half.

如果你的天竺鼠的尿道感染不斷復發，可以試著給牠一般未添加糖並且稀釋過的蔓越莓
汁。雖然治療尿道感染必需使用抗生素，但是蔓越莓汁亦能減緩病症的惡化，並且減輕尿
道感染所造成的影響程度。

Use only unsweetened, natural cranberry juice. Syringe feed or place in water
bottle. Change bottle containing juice at least daily and preferably twice a
day. Plain unsweetened cranberry juice is quite strong and bitter in taste.
Dilute with water. Do not use human cranberry drinks sweetened with sugar,
apple juice, or other juices.

盡量使用天然無糖的蔓越莓汁。將蔓越莓汁加入飼料或水瓶中餵食。水瓶中的蔓越莓汁最
好一天換二次，若無法一天換二次則至少要換一次。一般未添加糖的蔓越莓汁的味道過於
濃烈且帶有苦味，因此可以用水稀釋。不要使用人類飲用的添加糖份或其它果汁成份的蔓
越莓汁飲料。

Check your local health food stores for this product.

這類蔓越莓汁可以在一般的健康食品專賣店找到。

Blood in urine:
血尿

Urine sometimes changes to an orange color on standing (this may be the
oxidation of porphyrins in the urine). When your guinea pig has blood in its
urine, it will appear red or pinkish (if diluted). Blood dries a brownish
color.

尿液長期置放後顏色會轉成橘色，是由於尿液中紫質(porphyrins)氧化的結果
。當尿液中有血液存在時，會出現紅色或粉紅色(較淡時)。血尿乾燥後呈現咖
啡色。

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