The Algae - 水族

明明只有一點點 卻被我翻譯很久

我的英文很爛 請鞭小力點= =

圖文版
http://blog.yam.com/nameofwater/article/30761754

雖然說我不知道為什麼後面3張圖好像是壞的= =

學長也說他找不到原文網址了

有興趣的人在自己去找看看吧

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This article is going to explain different types of Algae that are found in
the aquarium and the reasons why they have occurred, as well as treatment.
Please remember that this is just the basics, and a reference for determining
what could be your algae, and the possible cause / solution. Some of the
solutions can be risky, so please post before you go ahead full steam on any
of the recommendations, and always ask if you need more information

本篇文章將會解釋各種不同的水族藻類以及其產生原因，跟治療方式，請記得這只是基本
的參考用以確認你的藻類可能發生原因跟解決方式(這裡簡單的說明一些長藻類的可能原
因跟處理)，有些處理方式風險很高，所以在大膽處理之前，最好先發文詢問。




1 - BGA, aka BLUE GREEN ALGAE, SLIME
1-藍綠藻(BLUE GREEN ALGAE)

This type of algae usually occurs from beneath the substrate, and rises up.
You can visually see this happening before a breakout begins, so it always
worth keeping an eye on the higher levels of the substrate.

BGA is actually not an algae but a mixture of Cyanobacteria & Algae. It grows
in sheets and can have a bad smell to it.

(X)(翻譯的不好)藍綠藻類常出現在底床生長在藍綠藻爆藻前以前，通常能夠肉眼察覺，
所以這需要你用肉眼持續觀察你的高級底床(魚缸?)
( )(藍綠藻常出現在底床，在藍綠藻爆藻前以前，通常能夠肉眼察覺，為了你的魚缸，
一定要保持注意你的底床)

藍綠藻其實不是一種藻類而是混合型藻類，片狀成長而且帶有難聞的味道


Causes -

A) Low nitrate levels
B) Areas of poor circulation with low O2, such as the substrate


Solutions -

In my experience the best way to totally get rid of BGA is to perform a 3 day
blackout on the tank. Doing this will stop the development of the algae, as
no light will be entering the tank. Plants will do just fine with this, as
they have a more complex system over algae that allows them to survive longer
without the correct environment.

To perform a blackout it is very simple and risk free.

1) Cover the tank completely so no light gets in, i have used bin bags to
cover small tanks as well as old rolls of wallpaper.. you get the idea.

2) Turn off any CO2 system that may be running.

3) Use an air pump when covered.

4) Do not feed during the 3 day blackout

5) Upon completion of the blackout, do a 20% water change. If the outbreak is
really bad, it is worth checking the filter to remove any excess BGA that may
be there.

In all the cases that I have done this, the algae has died totally, and the
plants give a nice growth spurt when the lights and normal conditions are
resumed.

產生原因 -
A. 硝酸鹽含量過低
B. 低氧的循環環境，如底部浪板(底砂? 底床? 底板?)

解決方法 -
根據我的經驗，最好的方法是關燈三天，可完全擺脫掉整缸藍綠藻
使得整缸保持無光情況，如此一來便會停止整個藻類生長
水草(植物?)有比藻類更複雜的系統，使水草(植物?))可以在不正確的環境存活的比藻類
更久，而不受影響

關燈是種非常簡單而沒有風險的方式

1. 用垃圾袋包住小魚缸，再包上舊壁紙，完整包住整個魚缸，讓他不透光進去，現在你
也會了^^

2. 關掉CO2供應

3. 包住的時候繼續讓打氣幫浦運作

4. 在三天的無光期間不要餵食

5. 結束無光期之後換水20%，如果爆藻情況真的很嚴重，記得要確認過濾器中該清掉的藍
綠藻

這樣處理之後，藻類都死光了，給予水草植物光跟正常環境也重新開始成長^^




2 - Green Dust Algae
2 - 綠塵藻(GDA, Green Dust Algae)

We usually find this type of algae in high tech tanks. It will attach itself
to flat, shiny surfaces, such as glass, or decor like rocks. It is a pain to
get rid of, but can be treated.

在高科技的缸中常見到綠塵藻，綠塵藻會依附在平坦而光亮的地方，如玻璃或者裝飾石，
很難完全擺脫掉綠塵藻，但是可以治療。

Causes-

A) High PO4 levels - Check your water source
B) Too much light
C) Excess ammonia - From dead plants, disturbing the substrate or from any
decomposing material
D) Low nitrate levels
E) MG:CA balance out

Solutions -

1) Increase the nitrate levels, by increasing the dosing of fertilisers
2) Lower po4 levels, by doing a 40% water change, adjusting the po4 dosing to
your tank or increasing your KNO3 levels
3) Check for any dead material in the tank which may be decomposing.
4) Reduce the lighting photoperiod, and intensity if possible
5) Do a blackout as per instructed above
6) Increase CO2 levels

產生原因 -

A. 磷酸鹽含量過高 - 請檢查你的水源
B. 光源供給過多
C. 氨含量過高 - 可能來自於已枯死的水草植物，不穩定的底床或各種分解物質
D. 硝酸鹽(NO3-)含量過低
E. 鎂鈣抵銷 (?)

解決方法 -

1. 用劑量化肥增加硝酸鹽含量
2. 可藉由換水40%降低磷酸鹽含量，調整磷酸鹽劑量，或者增加硝酸鉀含量
3. 檢查缸中有沒有腐敗死物
4. 如果可以，減少照明光照和強度
5. 進行上述藍綠藻的無光處理
6. 增加CO2含量



In my experience the best ways for treating GDA is by good cleaning practices
as well as making sure points 1-6 are adhered to. This does help if you have
more than one tank to house any occupants when you do the following.

1 Disconnect the filtration system

2. Stirr up the tank as much as possible and removed as much algae from
plants, leaving the dust to go into the water column

3. While all the algae is in the water, remove 75% of the water.

4. Next, remove any decorations (including wood) and scrub them down, rinsing
in tap water to remove all remaining spores.

5. On plants where the algae could not be removed by hand, you can do a
bleach dip. Be careful here, ask if not sure!

6. Fill the tank up with water, if possible, RO water is preferred.

7. If the algae is really bad, it's worth rinsing the filter media a few
times to make sure that none of the algae spores are in there (always use
tank water for this)

When you have cleaned the tank thoroughly, keep an eye on it for any further
growth. If this occurs, clean it ASAP with minimal disturbance. If it is
possible, drop the water level to bellow the problem area and clean, which
should minimise contact with the water column.

治療綠塵藻的最好方式，就是時常清潔還有確認遵守上述1-6點動作，如果你有一個以上
的缸的話，照著下面做會有很大幫助

1. 切斷過濾系統
2. 儘可能的攪拌缸，除掉植物上的藻類，以水柱除塵
3. 當全部藻類都在水中時，換水75%
4. 接著，拿掉全部裝飾，包括沉木，用力清洗飾物，用自來水沖洗掉殘存的孢子
(拿掉全部裝飾品，包括沉木頭，用自來水清洗掉裝飾品上導致藻類再生的種子)
5. 植物上不能用手拿掉的藻類，可以泡漂白水，小心點，如果不確定就先問
6. 加水，如果可以最好是用RO水
7. 但如果真的爆藻相當嚴重，就需要清洗濾材，以確保濾材中沒有藻類種子 (註: 請使
用原缸水清洗)

已經仔細清洗過缸後，注意有沒有再長藻，如果還沒完全根絕，趕快以最小動作清理，可
能的話降低水位到有問題的水位以下再清洗，然後這個過程中動作最好別接觸到水


3 - Green Spot Algae
3 - 綠斑藻 (Green Spot Algae, GSA)

Green spot algae (GSA) is usually found on the glass and slower growing plant
leaves.

Causes -

A) Low PO4 levels
B) High light / intensity
C) Low levels of CO2


Solutions -

1) Increase PO4 levels by dosing more potassium through fertilisation.
2) Reduce the lighting photoperiod, and intensity if possible
3) Increase the CO2 levels through a co2 system or using flourish excel (a
carbon supplement)
4) Remove more resistant plants, like anubias and perform a bleach dip
5) Move slower growing plants showing GSA into shaded areas.

The procedure of cleaning GSA is similar to GDA, follow points 1-7 and you
should beat this pretty quickly.

綠斑藻常見於玻璃還有成長較慢的植物葉片上

起因-
A) 磷酸鹽(PO4)含量過低
B) 光源太強
C) CO2含量太低

解決方法-
1. 藉由增加鉀肥劑量來增加磷酸鹽含量
2. 如果可以的話，減少光照時間及強度
3. 增加CO2含量
4. 移開會阻水的植物，如小榕，然後泡漂白水
5. 移開成長慢的植物，讓綠斑藻沒有掩蔽物

綠斑藻的清理動作跟綠塵藻類似，照著清理綠塵藻的步驟1~7做，即可戰勝綠斑藻




4 - Black Beard Algae aka BBA, Black Brush Algae
4 - 黑毛藻(Black Beard Algae,Black Brush Algae,BBA)，學名是黏髮藻
(Gloeotrichia Echimilate)，也有人稱紅藻，刷狀藻

This type of algae appears as short hairs, usually a couple of cm long
closely packed together. Appears dark green, black, or dark red. It usually
grows on plant leaves, and sometimes on decorations/substrate. It is usually
found around the edges of plant leaves.

Causes -

A) Low CO2 levels
B) High PO4 levels

Solutions -

1) Increase the CO2 levels through a co2 system or using flourish excel (a
carbon supplement)
2) Lower po4 levels, by doing a 40% water change, adjusting the po4 dosing to
your tank or increasing your KNO3 levels
3) Using Flourish Excel, especially above the recommended amount.

黑毛藻外觀像短髮，顏色為深綠、黑，或者深紅，常以公分長成束聚集，通常長在植物葉
子上，有時候則是會在裝飾物或底床上，大多會在植物葉緣上發現。

產生原因

A. CO2含量過低
B. 磷酸鹽(PO4)含量過高

處理方法

1. 藉由CO2系統或者有機碳源提高CO2含量
2. 可藉由換水40%降低磷酸鹽(PO4)含量，調整磷酸鹽劑量，或者增加硝酸鉀含量
3. 有機碳源劑量使用高於建議用量

As stated above, the most effective way of treating this algae is to increase
co2 levels in the tank. It could be that you are not able to invest in a
pressurised setup, so please check Bob's DIY co2 tips, which is effective on
tanks around the 150lt mark. One successful way of getting rid of this algae
is to use Seachems Flourish Excel. This contains an isomer of glutaraldehyde
which is a colourless liquid with a pungent odour used to sterilize medical
and dental equipment. Dosing this has been successful for many aquarists
including myself, and is probably the easiest way to get rid of this algae.

There are a few fish that eat this stuff, and those that do, in my
experience, once they know what bloodworms / flake is like, the algae seems
less appealing for some reason Smile

上述情況中，對於黑毛藻治癒的最有效方法為增加CO2含量，可能你沒有本錢安裝設備，
可以參考Bob的DIY CO2(我也不認識他說的Bob，CO2 DIY自己上網找吧)，缸內為150lt(lt
是啥單位阿= =)最有效，還有一個治療黑毛藻的有效方法就是使用Seachems Flourish
Excel(這算打廣告嗎…)，成分包含了戊二醛的同分異構物，戊二醛無色，味道刺鼻，通
常使用在醫療消毒及牙醫方面，很多水族玩家跟我都已經有成功使用過，而這也可能是最
簡單治療黑毛藻的方法了。

有少部分魚會處理這個問題，但在我的經驗中，這些會處理藻類問題的魚，只要讓他們嘗
試過一次紅蟲的滋味，藻類似乎會為此露出微笑。


5 - Hair Algae

Hair algae is usually found on the plant leaves and decor. It comes in long
strands at least 3" long, and in a variety of colours. Again this is an
easily treatable algae which will disappear when correct levels are
maintained in the tank.

Causes -

A) If its green - High iron. This can be because of - Water source has high
iron content, out of balance fertilising, nutrient tab in the substrate
leaching into the water column (poking through)
B) If its black - Low co2 levels

Solutions -

1) Increase co2 levels
2) Check fertilisers for high iron content
3) Adjust fertilisation
4) Dose flourish excel

Either by adjusting the CO2 levels or reducing the iron in the tank will get
rid of this algae pretty quickly.


5 – 髮狀藻

髮狀藻大多會出現在植物葉上或裝飾品上，外觀起碼3吋(?)長，色彩多變，髮狀藻療程簡
單，只要水質含量穩定正常就會消失。

產生原因 -
A. 若髮狀藻為綠色，為水中鐵質含量過高，養分太高，注水(翻攪)以致底床太多營養鹽
B. 若為黑色，CO2含量過低

解決方法 –
1. 增加CO2含量
2. 檢查高鐵質成分肥料
3. 調整施肥
4. 使用有機碳源

調整CO2含量或降低鐵肥成分即可快速治癒髮狀藻。


6 - Green Water
綠水

This is a free floating form of algae that is present in the water column. It
is not harmful to the plants or fish, however, unsightly to us.

Causes -

A) High lighting
B) High ammonia (NH4)
C) High Nutrient levels
D) Disturbance of the substrate

Solutions -

1) UV filter the tank. Using a UV filter, the water comes in close contact
with the floating algae and gets vaporised. They are also useful for
polishing the water and controlling disease in the tank.
2) blackout the tank for 3 days
3) Using willow branches.

Of the methods mentioned above the UV filter is the most efficient and
quickest, but also the most costly. In a couple of days this would have
cleaned the tank, and if it returns you can just turn it back on. The
blackout is effective, and one to try out, but sometimes wont work as
effectively as the UV or willow and come back fairly quickly.

When treating green water, it is important to continue to dose the tank, but
at reduced levels i.e. the fertilisers & lighting, co2 can be left high, as
you still need the plants to out compete the algae for nutrients.

Willow branches have proven to be successful in the removal of green water.
The technique here, is to use willow branches, which remove excess nutrients
in the water column. By placing the branches in the tank upright (not in the
substrate) after around 5 -10 days you will see roots forming at the base of
the branches, and when this happens you should start to see a
reduction in the green water. Once cleared remove the branches otherwise your
plants would starve of nutrients. The whole process usually takes around 2-3
weeks, and is a cheap effective way of cleaning up this algae.

6 – 綠水

綠水是一種飄浮型藻類，(起因為水柱?)，綠水對植物或魚無害，只是難看了點。

發生原因 -

A. 高度光照
B. 氨含量過高
C. 營份過高
D. 底床不穩(崩解?)

解決方法 -

1. 紫外線過濾，並讓紫外線過濾接近綠水使其蒸發，能很好的照明潤飾，並控制疫情
2. 照明管制三天
3. 使用柳枝(???)
關於上述提到的紫外線過濾是最有效且最快速的的方法，但也最貴，一段時間就必須清潔
缸，如果綠水又復發，只要重複上面動作，關燈是嘗試出的有效方法，但是有時候成效不
如紫外線過濾或柳枝，而且復發相當快。

治療綠水時，必須持續下藥(?)，但減少施肥跟光照，CO2可以維持高輸入，而你的植物仍
需要比藻類更多營養。

柳枝(?)已被證實可以移除綠水，使用柳枝可以移除水中過量的養分，筆直的放置柳枝(不
是放在底床裡)，大約5~10天後就可以看到根從枝發散，之後就可以看到綠水變少，清除
掉綠水後拿掉柳枝，不然植物會缺乏養分，而使用柳枝這方法的過程中，大約要花兩至三
週，這也是清理綠水低效率(? 廉價有效?)的方法。


7 - Diatomic Algae

Diatomic algae occurs in newly setup tanks. It is usually found on plants in
thick masses, as well as on tank decor just when the nitrogen cycle is
finishing. It is fortunate this is an easy one to cure.

Causes -

A) Too much light / wrong spectrum
B) Nutrients unbalanced
C) High phosphate levels (po4)
D) High silicate levels

Solutions -

1) Reduce the lighting photoperiod, and intensity if possible
2) Make sure that no3 / co2 levels are around the correct amount.
3) Reduce po4 levels, through fertilising regime, using a RO filter if it is
high in your water source
4) For silica levels an RO unit will get rid of impurities.



By putting into action any of these solutions for the algaes described, the
growth sources are being eliminated & you should see a gradual decrease in
the growth of the algae. In the meantime, while you determine and correct the
underlying problem, the unsightly algae can manually be removed.


Thanks for reading, and if this has not helped, or you need more information,
please post in the plant section.

James

7 - Diatomic Algae (找不到中譯名，Diatomic 雙原子 雙價；暫譯 二價藻)

二價藻會出現在新設缸裡，通常會看到厚厚的聚在植物上，當氮循環結束時，也會在裝飾
品上壯大，幸運的是，二價藻很好處理。

產生原因 -

A. 光源太強或給予錯誤的光譜
B. 營份失衡
C. PO4(磷酸鹽)含量過高
D. 矽酸鹽含量過高

解決方法 -

1. 如果可以的話，降低光照時間還有強度
2. 確認NO3(硝酸鹽)或CO2含量正確
3. 如果含量過高，藉由過濾方式，使用RO過濾，降低PO4含量
4. 矽酸鹽含量可透過RO裝置消除雜質

上述的二價藻處理方式，成長源被消滅，你會看到二價藻越長越小，同時確認了問題，礙
眼的二價藻也可以用手移除了。

謝謝你的耐心閱讀，如果這篇文沒幫助，可能你需要更多的資料，請發表在植物區。

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翻譯的很爛 很傷眼睛XD

再請大家有空幫我糾錯吧~

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